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stored grain pests tnau |
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Re: stored grain pests tnau
Tamil Nadu Agricultural University is an agricultural university located in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. The Information About the Grain Storage Method of the Tamil Nadu Agriculture University is given below Crop Protection :: Grain Storage Stored grains protection can be divided into two broad areas based on the type of intervention followed. Preventive measures and Curative measures I. Preventive measures Sanitation and handling of grains Remove dirt, debris, mud balls, foreign particles, insects and infested grains from healthy grains that will reduce insect infestation. Proper handling of grains and avoiding hooks on storage bags help minimize exposure to insects Bags should be stacked on wooden dunnage 0.5 metre away from the wall Bags should be stacked in rows having space of nearly 2 to 3 metre in-between height of a row should not be more than 15 bags leaving about 1/5thspace of total storage from the roof. Likewise bulk storage structures should also be kept away from the ventilators or doors Drying of grains Grains are harvested at a moisture content ranging from 20-28% Moisture content should be brought to 12-13 percent Sun drying and use of mechanical dryers can be opted to bring down moisture. Improper drying of paddy grains during post harvest operations not only enhances the insect infestation but also enhances breakage during milling. Staggered sun drying with short exposure to sun spread over large number of days (9-11 am for 8 days) reduces insect infestation. Use of improved storage structures Gunny bags or jute bags with close weaves can reduce insect infestation. Impregnation of gunny bags with insecticides can prevent entry of insects (Prakashet al., 1981). Polythene lined gunny bags were suggested by Muthu and Pingale, 1955). Polyester- polythene 400 gauge lined canvas was found to be resistant to all types if insect attack. Improved storage structures namely aluminum bin, Pusa bin, Pusa cubicle PAU bin, IGSI domestic bin TNAU insect removal bins have been found very effective for bulk storage and reducing insect damage. Dis-infestation of stores/receptacles Treatment of bulk and bag storage structures with insecticides is an important practice to avoid latent infestation in reused bags and bulk storage structure. The insecticides commonly recommended are malathion and dichlorvos. Legal method In India, the Destructive insects and Pests Act started in 1914. Plant Quarantine Order 2003, govern the regulation or restriction of movement of insects through commodities into the country and among different areas within the country. Grains or other commodities are thoroughly checked and treated at ports to avoid entry of insects. Fumigation Decide the need for shed fumigation (entire store house or godown) or cover fumigation (only selected blocks of bags). Check the store house/godown and the black polythene sheets or rubberized aluminium covers for holes and get them ready for fumigation Choose the fumigant and work out the requirement based on the following guidelines. Aluminium Phosphide For cover fumigation: 3 tablets of 3 g each per tonne of grain. For shed fumigation: 21 tablets of 3 g each for 28 cubic metres. Period of fumigation: 5 days, In case of cover fumigation Keep ready sand-snakes. Insert the required number of aluminum phosphide tablets in between the bags in different layers. Cover the bags immediately with fumigation cover Plaster the edges of cover all round with wet red earth or clay plaster or Use sand-snakes to make leak proof. Keep the bags for a period of 5 -7 days under fumigation Remove the mud plaster after specified fumigation period and Lift cover in the corner to allow the residual gas to escape. Allow aeration and lift cover after a few hours. Follow similar steps in case of shed fumigation also For more Information you may Contact to the Tamil Nadu Agriculture University the contact Details Are given below Contact Details : Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Lawley Road, Coimbatore 641003 +91 422 6611200 |
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